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Peer-Reviewed ResearchBird & Niessen · Scientific Reports · 2022

The Effect of Explantation on Systemic Disease Symptoms and Quality of Life in Patients with Breast Implant Illness: A Prospective Cohort Study

A prospective study that measured systemic symptoms and quality of life in the same patients before and after implant removal.

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What this source says

In 109 patients, an ASIA-scale symptom score fell significantly after explantation and quality-of-life measures improved — while the authors were careful to note what the study design can and cannot conclude.

Why it matters

It is a before/after look at real patients — the kind of study most relevant to the explant decision — and it reports its own limits honestly.

Key findings

  • In 109 patients, an ASIA-scale symptom score fell from 49.5 before to 31.6 after explantation (p<0.001).
  • Quality-of-life (SF-36) subdomains improved.
  • No specific surgical factor (e.g., rupture, type of capsulectomy) predicted who recovered.
  • Symptoms were reduced but not eliminated — residual scores remained.

Limitations

There was no control group; participants were referred specifically for BII (sampling bias); improvement overlaps with possible placebo and psychological factors.

What this does not prove

Without a control group, improvement after explantation cannot prove that implants caused the symptoms or that the surgery caused the improvement.

Source / citation

Bird & Niessen · Scientific Reports · 2022

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9726875/

DOI:
10.1038/s41598-022-25300-4

Last reviewed against the original source: 2026-09-02. Summaries are written in plain language; the original source is authoritative.

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